Education:
- Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 2019
- Master of Science in Environmental Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 2009
- Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 2004
Field of Specialization
R Programming
Climate Change
Data Analysis
Statistical Analysis
Applied Statistics
Statistical modelling
Crop production
Spatial analysis
Agriculture
Environment
Researches:
Article title: Mapping meteorological drought hazard in the Philippines using SPI and SPEI
Authors: Arnold Salvacion
Publication title: Spatial Information Research, May 2021
Abstract
Drought is a natural hazard with a severe and long-lasting impact on both human and natural systems. Among different drought categories, assessment of meteorological drought is imperative because it is the root cause of other types of drought. In the Philippines, there are limitations (access, availability, and spatial coverage) of long-term climate records to assess drought on the national scale. This paper aims to use the free high spatial resolution and long-term monthly climate data (i.e. rainfall and temperature) from TerraClimate to characterize meteorological drought hazard in the Philippines. The study used two commonly used drought hazard index such as the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to derive different drought characteristics. Based on the results, drought characteristics vary spatially across the country. There are areas in the country where drought duration can last up to 11 months. The magnitude of drought Philippines ranges from 47mm to 677 mm with strength of 60 to 800 mm/month. Lastly, this study showed similar results compared to previous drought records and similar studies in the Philippines.
Full text available upon request to the author
Article title: Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Modeling of the Potential Distribution of Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in the Philippines
Authors: Ireneo Pangga, Arnold Salvacion, Nikka Hamor, Sheryl Yap
Publication title: Philippine Agricultural Scientist 104(1):1-7, March 2021
Abstract
The coconut scale insect (CSI) Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) poses a significant threat to coconut production in the Philippines as shown by recent outbreaks. Ecological niche modeling using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) was used to determine the effects of environmental factors on the infestation of A. rigidus, and map its potential distribution in the Philippines to assess the risk of future outbreaks. The influence of bioclimatic variables on A. rigidus infestation was determined using MaxEnt modeling using the location data of A. rigidus occurrence confirmed using molecular markers. Rainfall and temperature variables were important for A. rigidus distribution with rainfall being more important than temperature. Annual rainfall and precipitation seasonality were the first and second most important variables determining A. rigidus infestation with 47.9% and 30.7% permutation importance, respectively. The final A. rigidus MaxEnt model showed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.93 indicating a very good predictive power; hence, the potential distribution map can be used to assess the risk of A. rigidus outbreaks in the Philippines.
Full text available upon request to the author
Article title: Delineating soil erosion risk in Marinduque, Philippines using RUSLE
Authors: Arnold Salvacion
Publication title: GeoJournal, July 2020
Abstract
Soil erosion is a global problem affecting both developed and developing countries. In the Philippines, it is considered one of the worst environmental issues. Marinduque is an island province in the Philippines that is identified belonging to areas with a high proportion of soil erosion due to its topography that is highly dominated by rolling to moderately steep terrain. Using publicly available data on soil, rainfall, elevation, and land cover, this study maps soil erosion risk in the province of Marinduque, Philippines using RUSLE. Based on results, more than half of Marinduque were classified as areas with high to very severe soil erosion rates. The municipality of Torrijos was identified as the municipality where approximately 42% of areas with very severe soil erosion rates.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/5pcdddm2
Article title: Mapping land limitations for agricultural land use planning using fuzzy logic approach: a case study for Marinduque Island, Philippines
Authors: Arnold Salvacion
Publication title: GeoJournal, April 2021
Abstract
This study demonstrated the use of fuzzy logic approach in mapping land limitations for agricultural land use planning using publicly available data for the province of Marinduque, Philippines. The paper focused only on the two major crops in the province, coconut, and banana. Based on the results, slope is the major factor limiting the production of these two crops. The slope is identified as a limitation in approximately 80% and 18% of the agricultural land of the province for coconut and banana production, respectively. Other land limitations for coconut production in the province include rainfall, soil, and combination of these factors with slope. In the case of banana, soil and combination of this factor with slope were identified as land limitations
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/hutc3dum
Article title: Spatial pattern and determinants of village level poverty in Marinduque Island, Philippines
Authors: Arnold Salvacion
Publication title: GeoJournal 85(5), February 2020
Abstract
This study explored the spatial pattern and potential determinants of village level poverty in the province of Marinduque, Philippines. Using published topographic, climatic, and socio-economic variables it applied spatial analysis, ordinary least squared regression, and geographically weight regression (GWR) to determine patterns and factors affecting poverty in the province. Based on the results, clusters of high-high and low-high poverty incidences were present in the province. Also, out of the 18 variables tested, only 5 variables showed significant effect on poverty incidence. These variables are slope, annual rainfall, population growth rate, distance to town centers, and distance to ports. However, GWR result showed that the impact of these variables to poverty in the province varies by villages. Slope and annual rainfall were the two variables that showed greater effect to village level poverty incidence suggesting that poverty in the province is highly influenced by its current agricultural productivity.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/9kf58zk
Article title: Exploring environmental determinants of Fusarium wilt occurrence on banana in South Central Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: A.R. Salvacion1, T.C. Solpot, C.J.R. Cumagun, I.B. Pangga, et al.
Publication title: Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 12(2):78-90, July 2019
Abstract
This study used Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) to explore potential environmental determinants of Fusarium wilt occurrence on banana in south-central part of the Philippines. Different variables representing topographic, bioclimatic, and edaphic features of an area were tested against data of Fusarium wilt occurrence. Based on the results, precipitation during the driest month, precipitation during the wettest month, precipitation of the warmest quarter, slope, and elevation were the most important variables for predicting the probability of Fusarium wilt occurrence on banana. Results also suggest that among the variables tested, precipitation had the major contribution to the occurrence of Fusarium wilt.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/2prw62uc
Article title: Effect of Climate on Provincial-Level Banana Yield in the Philippines
Authors: Arnold Salvacion
Publication title: Information Processing in Agriculture, June 2019
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of climate on banana yield in the Philippines using provincial level yield data and different climatic variables (i.e. annual rainfall, frequency of wet days, precipitation seasonality, annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality, and annual mean diurnal temperature range) derived from Climate Research Unit-Time Series (CRU-TS) dataset from year 1991-2016. First, trend analysis was applied to the time series of banana yield data for each province to determine presence of linear trend. Then, based on the result of linear trend analysis, multiple regression analysis was used to assess the effect on climate on provincial-level banana yield. Trend analysis showed that 71% of banana producing area in the country experience significant yield trend while multiple regression analysis showed that only 10% of the banana producing areas in the country is significantly affected by climate. Compared to rainfall, temperature variables, especially temperature seasonality has the greater influence on provincial-level banana yield in the Philippines.
Full text available upon request to the author
Article title: Banana suitability and Fusarium wilt distribution in the Philippines under climate change
Authors: Arnold R. Salvacion1, Christian Joseph R. Cumagun, Ireneo B. Pangga, Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog, et al.
Publication title: Spatial Information Research 27(1), January 2019
Abstract
Climate change is expected to affect crop production directly and indirectly due to changes in crop suitability, decrease in productivity, and higher incidence of pest and diseases. In the case of banana, change in suitability and distribution of Fusarium wilt due to climate change can pose a major threat on its production system. Being a major dollar earner for the Philippines, these threats can greatly affect the country’s economic and food production system. This study assessed banana suitability and the potential distribution of Fusarium wilt in the Philippines under current and future climate condition using fuzzy logic and maximum entropy approach. Based on the results, climate change might have limited impact on banana suitability in the country. But the projected changes in rainfall in the future can increase the areas that are favorable for Fusarium wilt occurrence. From 21% under baseline climate condition, favorable areas for Fusarium wilt in the Philippines is estimated to increase to 27% covering 91.2% and 28.5% of the country’s highly and moderately suitable areas for banana, respectively. Such coverage accounts for approximately 67% of the country’s total harvested area for banana.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/2zt5krs2
Article title: Evaluation and spatial downscaling of CRU TS precipitation data in the Philippines
Authors: Arnold R. Salvacion, Damasa B. Magcale‑Macandog, Pompe C. Sta.Cruz, Ronaldo B. Saludes, et al.
Publication title: Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 4(3), September 2018
Abstract
This study evaluated and downscaled (using Delta Method) Climate Research Unit time series (CRU TS) monthly precipitation gridded data in the Philippines. Based on the results, raw CRU TS data tends to underestimate (average percent bias = 0.89%) precipitation for most months of the year while downscaled CRU TS showed the opposite (average percent bias = − 2.99%). Overall both raw and downscaled CRU showed acceptable performance when compared with the observed monthly precipitation record. However, downscaled CRU TS data showed better accuracy (lower Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Squared Error) and better performance (higher Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency) compared with the raw CRU TS data. On the average, the computed evaluation statistics for downscaled CRU TS data were 79.87 (MAE), 144.56 (RMSE), and 0.43 (NSE) while 87.82 (MAE), 163.69 (RMSE), and 0.30 (NSE) for raw CRU TS.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/22328cre
Article title: Exploring spatial patterns of trends in monthly rainfall and temperature in the Philippines based on Climate Research Unit grid
Authors: Arnold Salvacion, Christian Joseph Cumagun, Ireneo Pangga, Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog, et al.
Publication title: Spatial Information Research 26(3), April 2018
Abstract
This study assessed spatial pattern of trends in monthly rainfall and temperature in the Philippines using Climate Research Unit time series data. Based on the results, there are significant trends in monthly rainfall and temperature in the country. On the average, monthly rainfall in the country is increasing by 0.34 mm/year. In the case of monthly temperature, the average increases per year were 0.008 and 0.019 °C, for maximum and minimum temperature, respectively. In terms of proportion, larger portion of the country showed significant trends in monthly temperature (> 80%) compared to rainfall (< 10%). Shift in wettest, driest, warmest, and coldest months were also observed between the periods of 1951–1980 to 1986–2015.
Full text available upon request to the author
Article title: Transportation and Health Infrastructures Impact on Population Growth of Calauan, Laguna, Philippines
Authors: Christian Gel Javier, Arnold Salvacion, Efraim Roxas, Edwin Rosell Abucay, et al.
Publication title: Journal of human ecology (Delhi, India) 6(1):25-39, December 2017
Abstract
Studying the determinants of population growth is vital in planning communities to help planners and decision makers. This study was conducted to assess the transportation and health infrastructures as determinants of human population growth in the municipality of Calauan, one of the most populous and fastest annual population growth in Laguna, Philippines. The study analyzed the relationship of distance to public roads and networks and health infrastructures from human settlements with respect to barangay-level population growth in the municipality. Results showed that the average spatial proximity to all types of roads, primary roads, and municipal health center have a positive relationship with respect to the population growth. The proportion of health workers is inversely proportional to the population growth. Between transportation and health infrastructure variables, the latter were tested to be significant determinants of population growth in the municipality.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/2a6jwbtk
Article title: Reliability of the Sarno River Visual Assessment Protocol (SRVAP) as a River Quality Evaluation Tool: Result from Initial Assessment in Aborlan River, Philippines
Authors: Jonathan Macuroy, Efraim Roxas, Arnold Salvacion, Ricardo Sandalo, et al.
Publication title: Journal of human ecology (Delhi, India) 6(1):114-128, December 2017
Abstract
River water quality monitoring is crucial in the conservation and maintenance of any river system. The extensive requirements, high costs, and complex data makes continuous monitoring difficult. Simpler methods that assess visual characteristics to convey the general quality of the river condition were developed. This study applied the Sarno River Visual Assessment Protocol (SRVAP), a modified version of the Stream Visual Assessment Protocol (SVAP) developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The SRVAP, a procedure which utilizes direct observations of the general state of riparian areas, is applied to Aborlan River in the province of Palawan, Philippines. SRVAP reliability as predictors of physicochemical parameters of the river were tested using regression analysis. Results showed that SRVAP is significantly correlated with temperature and total suspended solids (TSS) and can, therefore, be used as rapid predictors of the physicochemical parameters of Aborlan River. Also, results of the study showed that local knowledge is significant in estimating the values of temperature and TSS.
Full text available link https://tinyurl.com/2kns558p
Article title: Exploring Determinants of Child Malnutrition in Marinduque Island, Philippines
Authors: Arnold Salvacion
Publication title: Human Ecology 45(2), October 2017
Abstract
This study explored potential determinants of child malnutrition in the island province of Marinduque, Philippines. Using available published data, spatial analysis, and regression method socio-economic, topographic, proximity, and climatic factors that affect child malnutrition rate in province was tested. Out of the 34 variables, 13 showed significance as potential explanatory variables of child malnutrition rate in the province. These variables include: access to safe water; access to sanitary toilets; distance to provincial highway; village slope; northing (latitude); total rainfall during the months of January, February, August, October and December; and, mean temperature during the months of April, July, and November.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/fsrdv3cw
Article title: Fuzzy logic approach to explore climatic limitation on corn production in the Philippines
Authors: Arnold Salvacion
Publication title: Spatial Information Research 25(9), May 2017
Abstract
Corn production in the Philippines is highly sensitive to climate. However, to date, no assessment was done to determine which climate parameter (i.e. rainfall and temperature) limits corn production in the country. Using publicly available climatic surface data and fuzzy suitability assessment spatio-temporal mapping of climatic limitation on corn production was done for the entire Philippines. Based on the analysis, monthly rainfall is the major limitation of corn production in the country, specifically the rainfall during the first month of the growing period. For example, planting corn during the month of February, March, and April is not highly recommended for more than 40% of the country because monthly rainfall in these areas are lower than the minimum rainfall requirement (100 mm) of corn during the first month of its growing period.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/umdayrp6
Article title: Mapping Spatio-Temporal Changes in Climatic Suitability of Corn in the Philippines under Future Climate Condition
Authors: Arnold Salvacion
Publication title: Quaestiones Geographicae 36(1):103-118, February 2017
Abstract
This study assessed the spatio-temporal changes in corn climatic suitability under future climate condition. Using extracted climatic data from WorldClim database for the Philippines under baseline and future climate condition changes in corn suitability was assessed using fuzzy logic approach and published rainfall and temperature requirement of the crop. Based on the data, the large portion of the country will experience increase in monthly total rainfall (88%) while increase in monthly mean and minimum temperature under future climate condition is projected for the entire country. These increases in rainfall and temperature resulted in changes of corn climatic suitability in the country depending on the month and location. On the average, changes in rainfall resulted in reduction (8%) and improvement (6%) in corn suitability while increase in temperature resulted in 5% and 0.4% reduction and improvement, respectively.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/tcj79nd3
Article title: Climate change impact on corn suitability in Isabela province, Philippines
Authors: Arnold Salvacion and Artemio A. Martin
Publication title: Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 19(3):223-229, September 2016
Abstract:
Climate change is expected to affect agricultural crop production in the Philippines. Several studies were already done to quantify the effect of climate change on agricultural crop production in the country. Most of these studies focus only on the effect of climate change on crop yield. This study estimated the effect of climate change on the area (suitable area) for corn production. Using the Land Use Suitability Evaluation Tool (LUSET), change in corn suitability in the province of Isabela was estimated for the years 2050, 2060, and 2070. Based on the results, climate change will negatively impact corn suitability in the province. Decreasing trend in corn suitability rating was observed due to increasing temperature resulting to loss of highly suitable areas for corn production. For example, during the first cropping season the estimated average decreases in suitability scores due to an increase in temperature were 6.7, 11.4, and 20.7% in the years 2050, 2060, and 2070, respectively. These decreases in suitability resulted in the loss of 6,777 ha highly suitable areas for corn production.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/2e7cjnx5
Article title: The Role of Bioenergy in Enhancing Energy, Food and Ecosystem Sustainability Based on Societal Perceptions and Preferences in Asia
Authors: Lilibeth Acosta, Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog, Kavi Kumar, Xuefeng Cui, et al.
Publication title: Agriculture 6(2), April 2016
Abstract
This paper discussed the analysis of the survey on sustainability of bioenergy conducted in the Philippines, India and China. It acquired general perceptions of the people by asking them (a) specific questions about their level of familiarity with bioenergy; (b) relationship of their work to bioenergy; and (c) their opinion on contribution of various feedstock on the economy and impact of bioenergy production on food security. In addition to these questions, we estimated preference weights of various feedstock based on the conjoint choices on bioenergy’s contribution to social stability, social welfare and ecological balance. The estimates revealed significant trade-offs not only among these three dimensions of sustainability but also the relative importance of energy security, food security and ecosystem capacity to other economic, social and environmental objectives. The types of first generation feedstock that are currently used for biofuel production in the respective countries and those that offer alternative household use are perceived as important to the economy and preferred bioenergy feedstock. Based on the results of the study, the preferred role of bioenergy for sustainable development reflects the social and economic concerns in the respective Asian countries, e.g., energy security in China, food security in India, and ecosystem degradation in the Philippines.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/udk2eerz
Article title: What influences awareness of farmers on sustainability of bioenergy feedstock in the Philippines?
Authors: Elena Eugenio, Lilibeth Acosta, Nelson Enano, Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog, et al.
Publication title: Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research 6, April 2016
Abstract
Not available
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/3e5pwrz3
Article title: Terrain characterization of small island using publicly available data and open- source software: a case study of Marinduque, Philippines
Authors: Arnold Salvacion
Publication title: Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 2(1), February 2016
Abstract
Digital terrain attributes derived from digital elevation model (DEM) such as elevation, slope, and aspect are widely used to determine the influence of topography on different environmental and human processes. The advent of publicly available DEM data has provided a cheaper, low-cost alternative to traditional field data collection and survey. Handling, processing, and visualization of such data on an open-source software will provide researchers and specialists a better and faster way of generating digital terrain maps and creating input data for other analyses. This paper demonstrates the methodology of combining the use ASTER GDEM and SAGA functionality of QGIS, and R software to develop terrain maps for Marinduque, an island province of the Philippines.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/sua8zt2t
Article title: Assessment of mycotoxin risk on corn in the Philippines under current and future climate change conditions
Authors: Arnold R. Salvacion, Ireneo B. Pangga and Christian Joseph R. Cumagun
Publication title: Reviews on Environmental Health 30(3):135-142, August 2015
Abstract
This study attempts to assess the risk of mycotoxins (aflatoxins and fumonisins) contamination on corn in the Philippines under current and projected climate change conditions using fuzzy logic methodology based on the published range of temperature and rainfall conditions that favor mycotoxin development. Based on the analysis, projected climatic change will reduce the risk of aflatoxin contamination in the country due to increased rainfall. In the case of fumonisin contamination, most parts of the country are at a very high risk both under current conditions and the projected climate change conditions.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/rt94ub6s
Article title: Spatial analysis of human population distribution and growth in Marinduque Island, Philippines
Authors: Arnold Salvacion and Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog
Publication title: Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 4:27-33, June 2015
Abstract
This study assessed the spatial distribution of population growth of Marinduque, an island province in the heart of the Philippines. Based on the results, population of the province varies across time and space while densely populated areas are concentrated in coastal, flat and relatively flat regions. From 1990–2010, majority of the villages in the province experienced an increase in population. Global Moran’s I test on the change in population and population growth rate suggests there is spatial clustering of these two variables among villages. Local Moran’s I test validated such results and was able to detect several High–High and Low–High clusters of villages.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/45fcwcej
Article title: Climatic Change Impact on Corn Productivity in the Philippines
Authors: Arnold Salvacion
Publication title: International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) 23(1):54-68, January 2015
Abstract
Agriculture crop production system is considered one of the sectors that will be highly affected by projected climate change because of the fact that climate influences not only the agricultural crop itself but as well as the different production activities and processes (e.g. land preparation, fertilization, harvest, pest and disease occurrence, etc.). The main focus on climate change impact assessment is its effect on crop productivity as it directly translates to possible food supply problem. Possible effects of the projected climate change on corn productivity in the Philippines were assessed under different climate change scenarios (A1, A2, B1, and B2) for different time periods (i.e. 2020, 2050, and 2080) using the developed methodological framework through the use of different research tool such as the geographic information system, stochastic weather data generator (SIMMETEO), and crop simulation model (CERES-Maize). Climatic change will surely affect corn productivity in the country. The extent of the impact depends on the location and cropping season. Assessment showed that wet season cropping is negatively affected by climate change. This was observed across different climate change scenarios and time periods. Decreasing yield trend during wet season was also observed from year 2020 to 2080.
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/56kmp8xp
Article title: Eliciting Local Ecological Knowledge and Community Perception on Fishkill in Taal Lake through Participatory Approaches
Authors: Damasa Magcale-Macandog, Christian Paul P. de la Cruz, Jennifer D. Edrial, Marlon A. Reblora, et al.
Publication title: Journal of Environmental Science and Management 17(2):1-16, December 2014
Abstract
Aquaculture of tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and bangus or milkfish (Chanos chanos) is a predominant activity in Taal Lake since 1975. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was conducted to collect and synthesize indigenous knowledge and perceptions regarding environmental conditions and fishkills in Taal Lake. Specifically, this study aimed to document anecdotes on land- and lake-use changes through time, commodity shifts and utilization, technological flow, and environmental phenomena. The community’s perceptions on probable causes of fishkills were also elicited. Finally, the people’s view on the different internal and external factors linked to environmental management as well as their proposed solutions to problems were accounted and analyzed. The major trends and changes in natural resource utilization, urbanization, terrestrial and aquatic livelihood activities, and occurrence of fishkill in the four municipalities in the past seven decades were illustrated using Timeline activity. Increase in human population is the major driver of changes in the natural resources of these municipalities. The local communities in the four municipalities depend on agricultural farming and fish–based activities in Taal Lake for their livelihood. The various factors involved in the occurrence of fishkill in Taal Lake could be categorized into environmental (climatic and volcanic) and anthropogenic factors. Oxygen depletion, volcanic activity, lake overturn, sudden changes in water color, seasonal changes, wind, hydrothermal vents, poor water quality, improper aquaculture practices, and various forms of pollution-generating anthropogenic activities were cited to have influenced the occurrence of fishkills. The devastation brought by fishkill events prompted the community to formulate solutions based on experiences, knowledge of aquaculture industry, and the physical conditions of the lake. The cage operators, for instance, conduct oxygenation of fish cages when low dissolved oxygen (DO) is observed and during transfer of fish cages to other areas. In addition, efforts towards efficient aquaculture practices such as continuous reduction and systematic arrangement of fish cages in the respective zones, reduced stocking density and feeding rates in fish cages, and proper disposal and management of wastes from domestic, industrial and agricultural (poultry and piggery) sources are the suggested solutions to avoid fishkill. The response of the community to reduce the impact of fishkill is anchored on local ecological knowledge, technology, governance and vigilance
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/576w6yb2
Article title: Sustainability trade-offs in bioenergy development in the Philippines: An application of conjoint analysis
Authors: Lilibeth A. Acostaa, Elena A. Eugenio, Nelson H. Enano Jr., Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog, et al.
Publication title: Biomass and Bioenergy 64, May 2014
Abstract:
Sustainability assessments of bioenergy production are essential because it can have both positive and negative impacts on society. Human preferences that influence trade-off decisions on the relevant determinants and indicators of sustainability should be taken into account in these assessments. In this paper, we conducted a survey with five groups of respondents including government officials and employees, academic and research professionals, private company managers and workers, farm owners and workers, and others(e.g. students, residents, etc.) to assess their trade-off decisions on bioenergy development in the Philippines. The analyses of the survey results reveal that sustainability of bioenergy production will depend on the choice of biomass feedstock and these choices depend on people's perceptions. Heterogeneous perceptions among the different groups of respondents on the appropriate bioenergy feedstock to achieve economic, social and ecological sustain-ability suggest that sustainability of bioenergy is not a generic concept. The use of aggregate indices for sustainability assessments that ignore these perceptions on bioenergy produc-tion can thus be very misleading. The preference weights from conjoint analysis, which measure human preferences on different determinants and indicators of economic, social and ecological sustainability, can help improve sustainability assessment
Full text link https://tinyurl.com/fe393c3c